Hepatitis is a liver disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Here we will delve deeply into hepatitis, its different types, how it is transmitted, and most importantly, how to prevent it. The information we will share is essential for maintaining good liver health and preventing this disease. 

What is hepatitis?

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by one of the hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. It can be acute, meaning of short duration, or chronic. Each of these liver diseases differs from each other in terms of their impact, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. In a high percentage of cases, infection with hepatitis viruses does not produce any symptoms until advanced stages and goes completely unnoticed.

How many people does hepatitis affect?

  1. Hepatitis A: Its presence is more frequent in poor countries, especially in urban areas of Asia, Africa, and South America. It is mainly transmitted through contaminated water or food and can cause symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, jaundice, and fever. Improvement in hygiene conditions and vaccination have led to a decrease in cases of hepatitis A in our country, although outbreaks associated with risky behaviors still exist. Hepatitis A is preventable through vaccination.
  1. Hepatitis B: It is estimated that 2 billion people are infected worldwide, with 350-400 million chronically infected. In Spain, around 0.5% of the population currently has hepatitis B, with a higher prevalence among people of Asian or Eastern European origin. It spreads through contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids of an infected person. It can lead to chronic infection, increasing the risk of serious diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective.
  1. Hepatitis C: Around 70 million people worldwide are infected. In Spain, it is estimated that 1% of the population (475,000 people) have hepatitis C, being the most common cause of chronic liver disease and indication for liver transplantation. This form of hepatitis is mainly spread through exposure to infected blood and is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is no vaccine, but the disease is treatable with antiviral medications.

How to prevent hepatitis?

Prevention is essential to avoid hepatitis. Here are some key measures:

  1. Vaccination: Ensure you are up to date with hepatitis A and B vaccines, especially if you travel to risk areas or have a higher risk of exposure.
  2. Personal hygiene: Wash your hands regularly, especially before eating and after using the bathroom, to prevent hepatitis A.
  3. Practice safe sex: Use condoms to reduce the risk of hepatitis B and other sexually transmitted infections.
  4. Avoid sharing needles: If you are an intravenous drug user, never share needles or utensils.
  5. Care in the workplace environment: Healthcare workers and those exposed to blood should follow precautionary measures.

Hepatitis is a serious disease that can have severe health consequences if not properly treated. However, with the right information and preventive measures, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting hepatitis and protect our liver health. Do not underestimate the importance of vaccination and personal hygiene in preventing this disease. If you have any questions or concerns about hepatitis, do not hesitate to consult us at our clinic. Your health is our priority!